Analysis of sugar (glucose) in the blood
DEFINITION
It is an analysis that is conducted separately or in a general request in the blood biochemistry.
Measures the amount (concentration) of glucose in the blood.
Glucose is a sugar that is used by the tissues as a form of energy when combined with oxygen breathing. When we eat sugar in the blood rises, which is consumed away from the blood, this is a regulatory hormone insulin is produced by the pancreas (pancreatic islets). This hormone makes the blood glucose from the tissue and is used in the form of glycogen, amino acids and fatty acids. When blood glucose is very low under normal conditions by fasting, the other is secreted hormone called glucagon which does the opposite, keeping blood glucose levels.
The tissue most sensitive to changes in blood glucose is the brain in very low concentrations or very high symptoms of mental confusion and unconsciousness.
WHAT IS THIS STUDY?
The analysis of glucose is mainly to study the possible presence of diabetes mellitus or saccharin. As it is a very complex disease and major health impact analysis is a very discriminative and useful is made fairly routine.
TECHNICAL REALIZATION
To perform this analysis needs to be fasting at least 6 hours prior.
Impossible to take an appropriate place (see, clinic, hospital) but sometimes is done in the patient’s home.
* To make the taking is necessary to locate a suitable vein and the veins are generally used in the flexure of the elbow. The person taking the sample used medical gloves, a needle (with a syringe or tube removal).
* We will tortor a (rubber band-latex) in the arm to retain more blood veins and appear more visible and accessible.
* Clean the area with an antiseptic and a puncture through a vein located palpation and appropriate access to it with the needle. We drop the tortor.
* When the blood flows through the needle aspiration done on health (by syringe or by applying a vacuum tube).
* At the end of the outlet, the needle is removed and the area is pressed with a cotton swab or something similar to promote clotting and you will be asked to bend your arm and hold down the area with a plaster for a few hours.
PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL RISKS
1. The acquisition by a puncture of the vein can cause some pain.
2. The potential difficulty in finding suitable vein can lead to multiple punctures
3. Appearance of a hematoma (bruising or Cardinal) in the quarry area, usually due to the vein has not been closed after the pressure well and has continued after leaving blood causing this problem. You can apply an ointment or type Hirudo ® ® Trombocid in the area.
4. Inflammation of the vein (phlebitis), sometimes the vein is altered, either by a purely physical cause or has been infected. The area should be kept relaxed few days and you can apply an ointment or type Hirudo ® ® Trombocid in the area. If the problem persists or fever should consult your doctor.
NORMAL VALUES IN BLOOD SUGAR
Normal values are between 70 and 105 mg per deciliter. In young children are accepted values of 40 to 100 mg / dl.
The lower values of 40-50 mg / dl are considered low (hypoglycemia).
The highest values of 128 mg / dl are considered high (hyperglycaemia).
Can modify the values of glycemia and diabetes but for certain situations:
1. Acute stress (stroke, cardiac, general anesthesia)
2. The serum treatment in vein as they contain dextrose (sugar)
3. Pregnancy
4. Medications (antidepressants, antihypertensives, female hormones, etc …)
5. Alcohol and analgesics may decrease.
DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL IN abnormal values of blood glucose
You can see the increased blood glucose (hyperglycemia) in:
* Diabetes mellitus
* Renal
Pheochromocytoma *
Hyperthyroidism *
* Glucagonoma
Acute pancreatitis *
* Cushing’s Syndrome
Pancreatic Neoplasms *
* Other conditions explained before (stress, sera, pregnancy, drugs)
Decreased blood glucose may occur (hypoglycemia) in:
* Diets excessive
Liver Diseases *
* Addison’s Disease
* Excess insulin in diabetic
* Hipopitituarismo
Hypothyroidism *
* Insulinoma